ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the application value of CT angiography (CTA) in evaluating renal artery anatomy of laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery (LNSS) before operation. Methods Retroperitoneal LNSS was performed in 87 patients with renal tumors. Forty cases underwent CTA before LNSS, volume rendering and maximum intensity projection of renal artery were used as three-dimensional reconstruction. The other 47 without CTA were compared as control. Treatment out-comes of the 2 groups were compared, including operation time, warm ischemia time, blood loss, con-version to open surgery, hospitalization stay after operation, and complications after operation. Re-sults All the procedures were completed laparoscopically with no conversion to open surgery in CTA group. One patient underwent conversion to open surgery in the control group. In CTA and control group, the operation time was 94 min(range, 76-118)and 115 min(90-190, P<0.05). The warm ischemia time was 23 min(12-39)and 29 min(18-40, P<0.05). Blood loss was 90 ml(9.0-160) and 130 m1(90-600, P<0.01). Hospitalization stay after operation was 4.1 d(3-5) and 5.5 d(3-9), respectively(P<0.05). The pathologic examination showed negative surgical margin in all cases of renal cell carcinoma. The patients were followed up for 4 months to 32 months. Neither distant nor local recurrences were observed, and the renal function was normal in all cases. Urinary leakage oc-curred in 1 patient of each group. Conclusions CTA could be an effective method in evaluating the supply blood vessels of kidney before LNSS. And it can shorten the operation time and warm ischemia time, reduce the blood loss, as the result of helping the operaters deal with renal artery more quickly and accurately.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of tolterodine on bladder spasm caused by the indwelling catheter after prostate operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-two patients with bladder spasm caused by the indwelling catheter after prostate operation received tolterodine (2 mg twice daily), until 24 hours before the removal of the catheter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 24 hours of treatment, bladder spasm was alleviated totally in 21 patients (25.6%), partially in 45 (54.9%), and unrelieved in 16 (19.5%). After 72 hours of treatment, bladder spasm was alleviated totally in 45 patients (54.9%), partially in 30 (36.6%), and unrelieved in 7 (8.5%). No severe adverse events occurred during the treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The tolterodine therapy for patients with bladder spasm caused by the indwelling catheter after prostate operations is rapid, effective, persistent and safe.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Benzhydryl Compounds , Therapeutic Uses , Catheters, Indwelling , Cresols , Therapeutic Uses , Phenylpropanolamine , Spasm , Drug Therapy , Tolterodine Tartrate , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , Urinary Bladder Diseases , Drug Therapy , Urinary CatheterizationABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the invasive ability of bladder transitional carcinoma cells(TCC),with a new method.Methods MTT colorimetric assay combining with Boyden chamber system was used to measure the invasive ability of three bladder TCC lines EJ、T24、BIU-87. Invasive Index=experimental absorbance/control absorbance×100%.Tumor cells mortility growth curve and coloney forming test were measured for these 3 lines.Results The Invasive Index of three cell lines were EJ 0.326%±0.046%，T24 0.569%±0.044% and BIU-871.256%±0.066%. The Motility Rate were EJ 0.508%±0.037%，T24 0.672%±0.039% and BIU-871.524%±0.043%.Conclusion This method can evaluate the invasive ability of tumor cells accurately and it is sensitive,safe and rapid. It also can be done easily and has no radiation pollution.
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Objective To establish an orthotopic animal model of human prostate carcinoma (PC),and to provide a useful tool for the research of PC. Methods A total of 30 male BALB/c nude mice were included.First,2?10 6 human PC-3 cells were injected subcutaneously in 10 nude mice.Then 8 weeks later,the tumor on mice backs were took out and smashed into pieces.The tissue was implanted on the ventral lateral lobe of prostate gland by surgical orthotopic implantation in the other 20 nude mice.Twelve weeks later, the mice were autopsied,and histopathological examination of orthotopic tumors and relevant organs was done to identify and quantitate micrometastasis. Results Of the 20 mice,18 (90%) had tumor growth.The tumors were greater than 1.5 cm in diameter in 17 mice.Dilatation of bladder and hydronephrosis because of obstruction occurred in 12 mice.A high frequency of lymph node and organ metastasis was noted upon histological examination (10 with retroperitoneal para-aortic lymph node metastasis,4 with lung metastasis,1 with liver metastasis).But no bone metastasis was found. Pathological sections showed that most parts of the prostate were occupied by tumor cells. The nuclei looked polymorphic and hyperchromatic.Abnormal nucleus division could be seen.The cortices and medullae of metastatic lymph nodes were occupied by tumor cells. Conclusions The model set up by surgical orthotopic implantation can show the biological features of prostate carcinoma cells well.It expresses the metastatic potential of PC cell line significantly and can be considered an ideal heterotransplant animal model.
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Objective To investigate the expression level of MMP 1 and MMP 2 in the bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) and to analyse the location feature of expression and to provide a useful marker for judging the invasion. Methods From March 1998 to December 1999,62 cases of BTCC specimens were collected.The expression level of MMP 1 and MMP 2 of the specimens was detected by in situ hybridization technique. Results MMP 1 and MMP 2 were expressed in a small amount in the normal bladder walls.They were expressed mainly in cytoplasm of tumor cells and stromal cells. The positive rate of MMP 1 mRNA was 43.5%,and had no association with cell grade and TNM stage.The positive rate of MMP 2 mRNA was 59.6%.The expression level closely correlated with the cell grade and TNM stage ( P